Shaandhada saxda ah waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan shaandhada dusha sare

Shaandhada saxda ah waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan shaandhada dusha sare, taas oo ah, walxaha wasakhda ah ee laga saaro biyaha ayaa lagu qaybiyaa dusha sare ee qalabka shaandhada halkii laga qaybin lahaa gudaha qalabka shaandhada. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro walxaha adag ee la sudhay raadadka, ka hor inta aan la isticmaalin osmosis-ka iyo electrodialysis-ka, iyo ka dib shaandhada warbaahinta badan, oo u shaqeysa sidii shaandhada amniga. Shaandhada saxda ah waxay ka kooban tahay guri shaandho iyo walxo shaandho ah oo gudaha lagu rakibay.

Marka la shaqeynayo, biyuhu waxay ka soo galaan qaybta shaandhada dibadda ee qaybta shaandhada, walxaha wasakhda ah ee biyaha ku jirana way xannibmaan meel ka baxsan qaybta shaandhada. Biyaha la sifeeyay waxay galaan qaybta shaandhada waxaana loo soo mariyaa dhuumaha ururinta. Saxnaanta shaandhada saxda ah guud ahaan waa 1.1-20μm, saxnaanta qaybta shaandhada waxaa lagu beddeli karaa marka la doono, qolofkuna wuxuu inta badan leeyahay laba qaab: bir aan miridh lahayn iyo galaas dabiici ah. Shaandhada saxda ah waa in dib loo dhaqo hal mar maalintii inta la isticmaalayo.

Shayga shaandhada saxda ah waa in lagu gaaro shaandhaynta iyo kala-soocidda walxaha adag, walxaha la hakiyey iyo noolaha yaryar ee dareeraha ama gaaska iyada oo loo marayo agabkeeda iyo qaab-dhismeedkeeda gaarka ah.

Shaandhada saxda ah badanaa waxay ka kooban tahay walxo shaandho oo lakabyo badan leh, oo ay ku jiraan walxaha fiber-ka, walxaha xuubka, dhoobada iyo wixii la mid ah. Alaabtan waxay leeyihiin cabbirro kala duwan oo dalool ah iyo sifooyin shaandho molecular ah, waxayna awoodaan inay baaraan walxaha iyo noolaha yaryar ee cabbirro kala duwan leh.

Marka dareeraha ama gaaska uu dhex maro shaandhada saxda ah, inta badan walxaha adag, walxaha laalaada iyo noolaha yaryar ayaa laga xannibi doonaa dusha sare ee shaandhada, dareeraha nadiifka ahna ama gaaska ayaa dhex mari kara shaandhada. Iyada oo loo marayo heerar kala duwan oo walxaha shaandhada ah, curiyaha shaandhada saxda ah wuxuu gaari karaa shaandhayn hufan oo walxaha iyo noolaha yaryar ee cabbirro kala duwan leh.

Intaa waxaa dheer, walxaha shaandhada saxda ah waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadi karaan saameynta shaandhaynta iyada oo loo marayo nuugista dallacaadda, shaandhaynta dusha sare iyo farsamooyinka shaandhaynta qoto dheer. Tusaale ahaan, dusha sare ee qaar ka mid ah shaandheeyayaasha saxda ah waxaa la siiyay dallac koronto, kaas oo nuugi kara noolaha yaryar iyo walxaha leh dallacaadyo iska soo horjeeda; Dusha sare ee qaar ka mid ah walxaha shaandhada saxda ah waxay leeyihiin daloollo yaryar, kuwaas oo ka hortagi kara marinnada walxaha yaryar iyada oo loo marayo saameynta xiisadda dusha sare; Waxaa sidoo kale jira shaandhooyin sax ah oo leh daloollo waaweyn iyo lakabyo shaandho qoto dheer, kuwaas oo si wax ku ool ah u yareyn kara wasakhowga dareeraha ama gaasaska.

Guud ahaan, qaybta shaandhada saxda ah waxay si hufan oo kalsooni leh u shaandhayn kartaa oo u kala saari kartaa walxaha adag, walxaha la hakiyey iyo noolaha yaryar ee dareeraha ama gaaska ku jira iyadoo la dooranayo agabyada iyo qaab-dhismeedka shaandhaynta ee ku habboon, oo ay weheliso habab kala duwan oo shaandhaynta ah.